Vacuum furnace for heat treatment atructure principle

Heat treatment vacuum furnace is a comprehensive technology combining the two specialties of vacuum technology and heat treatment, which means that all and part of the heat treatment process are carried out under the vacuum state. China divides vacuum into low, medium, high and ultra high vacuum. At present, the working vacuum degree of most heat treatment vacuum furnaces is ~1.33 10 ³. Pa.
The vacuum furnace for heat treatment can realize almost all heat treatment processes, such as quenching, annealing, tempering, carburizing and nitriding, and can realize gas quenching, oil quenching, nitrate quenching and water quenching in the quenching process, as well as vacuum brazing, sintering and surface treatment. Heat treatment vacuum furnace high thermal efficiency, can achieve rapid temperature rise and drop, can achieve no oxidation, no decarburization, no carburization, can remove the workpiece surface phosphorus chips, and have degreasing degassing, so as to achieve the effect of bright surface purification. Generally speaking, the processed workpiece is heated slowly in the furnace, the internal thermal temperature difference is small, the thermal stress is small, so the deformation is small. High pass rate of products. It can reduce the cost and has the function of degassing, so as to improve the working mechanical properties and service life. Good working environment, safe operation, no pollution and public hazards. The processed workpiece has no danger of hydrogen embrittlement, which can prevent the surface of titanium material and refractory metal shell from hydrogen embrittlement, and the vacuum heat treatment process has good stability and repeatability. This series of advantages, the development of vacuum heat treatment processing equipment and technology is more and more attention and more widely used.

The so-called heat treatment vacuum furnace refers to the industrial furnace which is heated by electric heating elements in the near-vacuum state.
I. vacuum furnace structure:
The structure of vacuum furnace is generally composed of main engine, furnace chamber, electric heating device, sealed furnace shell, vacuum system, power supply system, temperature control system and outside furnace transport vehicle.
(1) vacuum furnace shell:
The sealed furnace shell is welded with carbon steel or stainless steel, and the joint surface of the removable parts is sealed with vacuum sealing material. In order to prevent the shell from deforming and the sealing material from deforming, the shell is usually cooled by water or air cooling.
(2) vacuum furnace:
The furnace is located in the sealed furnace shell. According to the purpose of the furnace, there are different types of heating elements inside the furnace, such as resistance, induction coil, electrode and electron gun.
(3) crucible:
Crucible is installed in the chamber of vacuum furnace for smelting metal, and some of them are also equipped with automatic pouring device and loading and unloading manipulator.
(4) vacuum system:
The vacuum system of vacuum furnace is mainly composed of vacuum pump, vacuum valve and vacuum gauge.
Ii. Working principle of vacuum furnace for heat treatment:
The working principle of vacuum furnace of heat treatment is to form a low-pressure environment with almost no air through vacuum extraction, and then use water to boil at low pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) to generate steam, and output heat by means of steam condensation and heat exchange.

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